The
internal decoration
In his Four Books on Architecture Palladio
mentions the names of the artists who
worked inside the villa: Gualtiero
Padovano (Padova, 1510 to about
1552), Battista Del Moro
(Verona, 1514-1575) Battista Zelotti
(Verona, 1526-Mantova, 1578).
The interior of the villa is frescoed
by two different schools of painters,
very different in style, in their subjects
and their use of colour. Facing the entrance
of the villa, in the main hall and in
the left wing it is possible to see the
so-called classical school,
that is the frescoes done by Battista
del Moro and Battista Zelotti. False windows
are beautifully painted with gods and
Greek landscapes. Figures of men are depicted
full of strength and virility and female
figures recall abundance and fertility;
caryatides (instead of the more common
telamons) and epic tales complete the
decoration. The colours of these frescoes
are more tenuous, not just because they
have been restored in very small areas,
but because the painters who decorated
this part of the building preferred using
the so-called ancient rose,
the sapphire light blue and the yellow-earth.
In the right wing of the villa, it is
possible to see the other school called
mystic, who's main painter is Gualtiero
Padovano. This wing of the villa corresponds
to the restored wing. The artist often
paints offers to domestic firesides and
satyrs; instead of caryatides he paints
telamons; figures in which animals are
mixed with men, can be fearful, almost
ghoulish. The representation of the Greek
gods would derive from the influence of
the classical school (the two schools
of painters involved here worked almost
at the same time). The colours of these
rooms are more "jazzy", which
is due not only to the restoration done
after World War I, but above all by the
artist who used a bitter green and a stronger
yellow.
During World War I the villa was occupied
by the British Command. The movie, "Senso"
by Luchino Visconti (1954),
one of his most famous, was shot in the
magnificent rooms of the villa. |
| The
Room of Muses and Poets |
| Painted by Battista
del Moro are big caryatides in monochrome,
resting upon a base, and supported by
a trabeation are painted puttos, books
and musical instruments. In the panels
on the walls, Poets with laurel crowns
and the nine Muses appear, but only some
of them can be recognized by the object
or symbol they hold. In particular, in
the decoration on the right side of the
entrance, the Muse of Astronomy Urania
can be identified. In addition, Dante,
one of the most important Italian poets
and one of the fathers of the Italian
Language, can be seen above the fireplace.
The chandelier is Venetian, 18th century.
|
| The
Room of the Olympus |
Painted
by Battista Zelotti. A low base supports
architectural ruins that imitate white
marble and red bricks; inside niches are
fragments of statues. Windows and doors
are decorated with false frames of fruit,
flower ornaments and small pediments.
At the back of the fireplace, we see some
deities laying on clouds and painted with
varied colours. In the centre is Jupiter
and Juno, then Cybele, the goddess of
architecture with a tower on the head.
Ceres, the goddess of the harvest, is
seen with a bunch of wheat. Mercury can
be easily recognized and Cronus, the god
of time, holds a sickle. Diana the goddess
of hunting is seen with a bow. Facing
the fireplace on the right, we can see
Venus and Cupid with Bacchus the god of
wine and many additional gods. In the
hood of the fireplace the Fall of the
God Vulcan has been painted, a subject
similar to the decoration at Te Palace
in Mantua, but less grotesque than the
paintings of Giulio Romano.
On the left we can admire Mars, Neptune
and a young girl. The line drawing behind
comes from an afterthought of the author.
In this room we can notice the indifference
of gods for human beings: none of the
gods on their cloud thrones are glancing
down and taking care of mankind. Also
in this room is a 18th century Venetian
chandelier. |
| The
room of Venus |
| Painted by Battista
Zelotti is a scene of Venus, Cupid and
the god Vulcan in the hood of the fireplace,
where the name comes from. The golden
decoration of the triclinium on which
Venus sits, is very refined indeed. Also
as beautiful is the contrast between the
rosy skin of the goddess and snow-white
drape that covers her. On the walls, long
Ionic columns divide the room. One the
right of the fireplace, above the door,
is the allegorical painting of Justice
with Pluto on the left and Cronus on the
right. Looking the wall before the fireplace,
we can see a big panel with Aeneas and
Dido. On the right a young boy and a page
come from a false door. This is a beautiful
trompe l'oeil painting, a very common
technique also showcased in the work of
Paolo Veronese.
Above this false door is the allegorical
painting of Prudence, and on the door,
which leads to the next room, is the allegorical
painting of Temperance. At the other wall
are again figures of statues inside false
niches representing Jupiter, with the
symbols of the eagle, and Neptune. The
chandelier is inlaid in wood and dates
back to the 17th century from a Venetian
galley. |
| The
Room of Arts |
Painted
by Battista Zelotti, the name comes from
the allegorical figures of Arts, painted
above the false arches that frame the
golden statues and the bronze coloured
busts. On the sides of the doors, painted
in sand colour, there are the allegorical
paintings of Spring and, on the opposite
side, Summer. Both the paintings have
images of prisoners on the sides. In the
false window a Greek landscape in ruins
is painted and its frame is decorated
by trophies with puttos, weapons, and
musical instruments. The decoration is
completed with niches in which painted
statues of gods are frescoed: Bacchus,
Apollo, Mercury and another divinities
are not easy to recognize. The chandelier
is a 18th century Venetian.
|
| The
Main Hall |
| Painted
by Battista Zelotti, the walls are divided
by white architectural elements, Corinthian
columns and pediments. They are held together
by a basement decorated with monochrome
panels, in which the influence of the
architect Palladio is clear. Standing
in the middle of the room and facing the
main door, we can notice two false windows
on the right and left walls. In the first
there is a landscape with the Rape of
Europe (when Jupiter transforms himself
into a bull and kidnaps Europe), in the
second the Rape of Ganymede. According
to tradition, the gentleman who sits on
the border of the window is Gerolamo Godi,
the owner of the villa. Looking at the
loggia on the left wall we see the painting
of the battle between Darius and Alexander.
On the opposite wall, the body of Darius
is returned by Alexander. Both episodes
are within architectural frames created
to give the illusion of an external setting.
In order to complete the decoration, puttos
with a bunch of roses and female figures
often sit on the frames that have been
painted. Above the main entrance that
faces the loggia the painter has depicted
the allegorical scene of Hercules between
Virtues and Labour, within an elaborate
wooden framework. In the architrave above
the main entrance there is the motto "et
libera nos a malo" (and keep us away
from evil) that corresponds to the sentence
written outside in the loggia "stay
away you, profanes".
On the three window-doors there is the
Fame between two Prisoners whose meaning
is linked to success obtained by following
the law, a concept that comes from Roman
history. The chandelier is a 18th century
Venetian.
|
| The
Room of the Putto |
| Painted
by Gualtiero Padovano, the name of the
room comes from the image of the little
boy sitting on the window in front of
the landscape. It is decorated with Ionic
columns and false niches inside which
are statues of divinities. All around
the cornice of the ceiling runs a frieze
with other gods. During the 19th century
the whole room had been painted with dark
drapes to cover the nakedness then removed
during the restoration.
The decoration has been completed with
panels of grotesques, a particular kind
of decoration that was developed immediately
after the discovery of the Domus Aurea
of the Emperor Nero in Rome in the 15th
century. During that period, the decorations
were completely buried in the ground and
therefore called grottos from which the
name of the style “grotesques”
comes from. These decorations are often
linked to alchemy or the world of farmers.
The doors have been decorated with the
same style. The chandelier is a Bohemia
crystal and dates back to the 18th century.
|
| The
Room of Triumph |
Painted
by Gualtiero Padovano, the name comes
from the frieze on the upper part of the
room. The idea and extended shape of figures
are taken from the Triumphs of Caesar,
a group of works by Andrea Mantegna. The
big landscape on the front wall of the
fireplace is very interesting and it is
possible to see the Colossus of Rhodes.
In the hood of the fireplace is the fresco
of Securitas, the divinity who protects
the house. The decoration on the walls
show telamons who are holding the trabeation
and panels in monochrome.
The scene on the ceiling is very different
because it was painted by Zelotti and
it shows in an oval wooden frame Minerva
who ties Vice with a chain. Zelotti also
painted the other panels with puttos that
complete the decoration of the ceiling.
In this room the light holders of the
torches date back to the 17th century. |
| The
Room of Caesars |
Painted
by Gualtiero Padovano, whose use of colour
in this room is very interesting. Corinthian
columns with golden capitals divide the
walls in sections opening to serene landscapes,
always in relation with the real nature
around the villa. In these beautiful landscapes
of big blue skies, mountains and rivers,
the presence of man is suggested by small
coloured figures or by some simple architectural
elements. The room's name comes from the
busts of the Emperors, sculpted realistically
above the doors and the fireplace. The
series of "busts" start from
the iconographic motive of the Roman Emperors,
often used in the decorations of villas.
Usually, the succession of Emperors derives
from the "De vita duodecim Cesarum
libri VIII" by Suetonius. Since the
choice of the Emperors were linked to
the intention of the owner to elaborate
himself, it was possible that the Caesars
not found in the list of the Latin writers,
were painted. It happened sometimes that
the owner and commissioner of the villa
held himself as a descendant of one of
the Roman Emperors' and therefore added
his own famous origins changing the original
series. |
| The
Room of Sacrifices |
| Painted
by Gualtiero Padovano, the Doric columns
hold a continuous trabeation and in the
spaces between them are landscapes and
niches that imitate rusticated stones
with statues of divinities. The name of
the room comes from the two scenes above
the doors that show Roman sacrifices painted
in monochrome. |
| The
loggia |
Painted
by Gualtiero Padovano. The decoration
is linked to the architectural structure
of the loggia. In the ceiling there is
Mercury and Spring. According
to tradition, the Valley that embraces
the villa can be recognized in the landscapes
painted on the walls. In the arches above
the entrance to the rooms there are grotesques
that show the Vestal of Abundance who
carries hoops of fruits and a snake symbol
of intelligence that keeps away satyrs,
the symbol of evil. In the two false doors
there are two characters, a country woman
with a spindle and a farmer with a hoop
full of agricultural products. It is important
to remember that worms of silk were often
cultivated in the kitchen gardens next
to villas and that the production of fabrics
was a mean of nourishment for the commissioners
of villas. Also water is an element necessary
to the life of the villa and a river that
flowed not far from the villa is the subject
of the landscapes painted in the loggia.
Above the main entrance there is the figure
of Securitas who protects the
family. In the architrave the sentence
is sculpted "procul este profani"
which means "stay away you profanes",
a sentence that can mean the intention
of the commissioner to keep away those
people who did not have the capacity to
understand the program of decoration chosen
for his villa. |
| Informations |
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E-mail
info@villagodi.com |
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